Difference Between Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) & Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Procedure Oriented Programming	Object Oriented Programming
In POP, program is divided into small parts called functions	In OOP, program is divided into parts called objects
In POP,Importance is not given to data but to functions as well as sequence of actions to be done	In OOP, Importance is given to the data rather than procedures or functions because it works as a real world
POP follows Top Down approach	OOP follows Bottom Up approach.
POP does not have any access specifier.	OOP has access specifiers named Public, Private, Protected, etc.
In POP, Data can move freely from function to function in the system	In OOP, objects can move and communicate with each other through member functions
To add new data and function in POP is not so easy.	OOP provides an easy way to add new data and function.
In POP, Most function uses Global data for sharing that can be accessed freely from function to function in the system.	OOP In OOP, data can not move easily from function to function,it can be kept public or private so we can control the access of data.
POP does not have any proper way for hiding data so it is less secure.	OOP provides Data Hiding so provides more security.
In POP, Overloading is not possible.	in OOP, overloading is possible in the form of Function Overloading and Operator Overloading.
Example of POP are : C, VB, FORTRAN, Pascal.	Example of OOP are : C++, JAVA, VB.NET, C#.NET.

difference between c and c++ ?

C++, as the name suggests, is a superset of C. As a matter of fact, C++ can run most of C code while C cannot run C++ code. Here are the 10 major differences between C++ & C…

  1. C follows the procedural programming paradigm while C++ is a multi-paradigm language(procedural as well as object oriented)

 In case of C, importance is given to the steps or procedure of the program while C++ focuses on the data rather than the process. Also, it is easier to implement/edit the code in case of C++ for the same reason.

2. In case of C, the data is not secured while the data is secured(hidden) in C++

 This difference is due to specific OOP features like Data Hiding which are not present in C.

3. C is a low-level language while C++ is a middle-level language

 C is regarded as a low-level language(difficult interpretation & less user friendly) while C++ has features of both low-level(concentration on whats going on in the machine hardware) & high-level languages(concentration on the program itself) & hence is regarded as a middle-level language. Note: This is a relative difference. See updates at end of this post.

  4. C uses the top-down approach while C++ uses the bottom-up approach

 In case of C, the program is formulated step by step, each step is processed into detail while in C++, the base elements are first formulated which then are linked together to give rise to larger systems.

5. C is function-driven while C++ is object-driven

 Functions are the building blocks of a C program while objects are building blocks of a C++ program.

  6. C++ supports function overloading while C does not

 Overloading means two functions having the same name in the same program. This can be done only in C++ with the help of Polymorphism(an OOP feature)

  7. We can use functions inside structures in C++ but not in C.

 In case of C++, functions can be used inside a structure while structures cannot contain functions in C.

8. The NAMESPACE feature in C++ is absent in case of C

C++ uses NAMESPACE which avoid name collisions. For instance, two students enrolled in the same university cannot have the same roll number while two students in different universities might have the same roll number. The universities are two different namespace & hence contain the same roll number(identifier) but the same university(one namespace) cannot have two students with the same roll number(identifier)

9. The standard input & output functions differ in the two languages

 C uses scanf & printf while C++ uses cin>> & cout<< as their respective input & output functions

10. C++ allows the use of reference variables while C does not

Reference variables allow two variable names to point to the same memory location. We cannot use these variables in C programming.

11. C++ supports Exception Handling while C does not

C does not support it “formally” but it can always be implemented by other methods. Though you don’t have the framework to throw & catch exceptions as in C++.